L-Threonine 98.5% Feed Grade · Essential Amino Acid for Modern Animal Nutrition

Key characteristics

• Chemical name: L-2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid (L-threonine).
• Product type: L-threonine 98.5% feed grade (crystalline, fermentation-based).
• Appearance: typically a white to off-white, free-flowing crystalline powder, with low dust grades available depending on producer and specification.
• Production: usually obtained via microbial fermentation followed by purification, drying and milling to the required particle size.
• Solubility: freely soluble in water; disperses well in liquid feed or when used in feed premixes and complete feeds.
• Nutritional function: essential amino acid involved in protein biosynthesis, gut integrity (mucin production) and immune function. L-threonine supplementation helps to:
  • optimise digestible amino acid profiles,
  • maintain gut barrier and intestinal morphology,
  • support growth, feed efficiency and carcass yield.
• Environmental benefits: allows reduction of crude protein and total nitrogen intake, leading to lower nitrogen excretion and improved environmental footprint of livestock production.
• Regulatory status: classified as a nutritional feed additive (amino acid); detailed status (registration, maximum levels, labelling requirements) is region- and country-specific.

Atlas supports feed producers and premix houses in translating species-specific threonine requirements into commercial diet formulations and least-cost solutions.

Indicative specification points

Final specifications are agreed per supplier and project. Typical L-threonine 98.5% feed grade parameters include:

• Assay (L-threonine): min. 98.5% on dry basis.
• Loss on drying: controlled (e.g. ≤ 1.0%) to ensure consistent assay and flow.
• Residue on ignition / ash: limited to maintain high purity.
• pH (in solution): within an agreed range, relevant for liquid feed and premix stability.
• Specific rotation: within positive limits confirming L-isomer purity.
• By-products & related substances: strictly monitored according to internal and regulatory criteria.
• Heavy metals & undesirable substances: controlled in line with EU feed additive and global feed standards.
• Microbiology: low counts suitable for feed applications (e.g. total plate count, yeast & mould, coliforms), with pathogens such as Salmonella absent in defined sample sizes.
• Particle size distribution: designed to ensure uniform mixing in premixes and complete feeds; specific PSD ranges can be agreed.
• Bulk density & flowability: optimised for automated dosing, micro-dosing and bag handling.

Each shipment is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) and a technical data sheet. Further documentation (GMO status, allergens, country of origin, production method, contaminants and heavy metals, dioxins/PCBs, mycotoxins, animal-origin statements, quality certifications and Halal/Kosher certificates) can be provided according to destination market and integrator requirements.

Poultry nutrition

• Broiler starter, grower & finisher feeds – L-threonine helps achieve optimal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratios for rapid growth and efficient FCR.
• Layer and breeder diets – supports egg production, eggshell quality and body condition while enabling lower crude protein formulations.
• Reduced CP strategies – crystalline L-threonine allows partial replacement of soybean meal and other protein raw materials, improving nitrogen utilisation.

Swine nutrition

• Piglets & nursery feeds – L-threonine is important for gut development and health, particularly in post-weaning diets with reduced crude protein.
• Grower–finisher pigs – supports growth performance, carcass quality and nitrogen efficiency when diets are formulated on a digestible amino acid basis.
• Sows – used in gestation and lactation feeds to help maintain body condition, litter growth and sow longevity.

Aquaculture & pet food

• Aquafeed (fish & shrimp) – crystalline L-threonine supports precise amino acid balancing in marine and freshwater species, especially as fishmeal levels are reduced.
• Pet food (dogs & cats) – used in dry, semi-moist and wet pet foods where nutrient profiles must meet AAFCO/FEDIAF-type guidelines and brand-specific performance targets.

Ruminants & specialty species

• Dairy cows & beef cattle – in certain systems, L-threonine can be included directly or as part of rumen-protected formulations designed to improve amino acid supply at the intestinal level.
• Other species – Türkiye, ducks, rabbits and other livestock may also benefit from balanced threonine supply in line with species- and market-specific guidelines.

Formulation & handling guidance

• Inclusion form:
  • Typically used via vitamin/mineral premixes, concentrate feeds or direct inclusion at the feed mill,
  • Can also be incorporated in liquid dosing systems after suitability is confirmed.
• Formulation basis:
  • Diets should be formulated on a standardised ileal digestible (SID) amino acid basis,
  • L-threonine levels are typically expressed relative to digestible lysine (threonine-to-lysine ratio).
• Crude protein reduction:
  • Supplementation with L-threonine, together with other crystalline amino acids, allows CP reduction while maintaining performance,
  • This can reduce feed cost, nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions, especially in intensive systems.
• Mixing & homogeneity:
  • For micro-dosed ingredients, use sequential mixing procedures and appropriate carriers to ensure homogeneous distribution.
  • Particle size compatibility with premix and feed is important to minimise segregation and dust.
• Regulatory & safety:
  • Users must comply with local feed additive registrations, species authorisations and labelling rules.
  • Observe recommended industrial hygiene measures when handling fine powders (dust control, PPE, ventilation).

Quality & certifications

• Supplied as feed-grade L-threonine 98.5% with agreed specifications covering assay, impurities, microbiology and physical properties.
• Manufacturing sites typically operate under recognised quality and feed safety systems (e.g. ISO, HACCP and dedicated feed safety schemes), with certification details available on request.
• Each batch is delivered with a Certificate of Analysis (COA); extended dossiers can include technical data sheets, safety data sheets (SDS), contaminants & heavy metal reports, dioxins/PCBs & mycotoxin data as required.
• Additional documents can cover GMO status, allergens, BSE/TSE statements, animal-origin declarations, country of origin, Halal/Kosher certificates and other customer-specific compliance needs.
• Customers remain responsible for ensuring compliance with local feed and feed additive legislation, including species authorisations, maximum levels, labelling and any on-pack performance or sustainability claims.

Packaging, storage & logistics

• Standard packaging: usually 25 kg multi-wall paper bags or composite bags with inner liners. Other pack formats (e.g. big bags) may be evaluated for large-volume users.
• Suitable for full-container loads or mixed containers together with other amino acids, vitamins, minerals and feed additives from the Atlas portfolio.
• Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture, direct sunlight and odour-intensive materials to maintain assay, flow and handling properties.
• Typical shelf life is stated on the product specification and COA; customers should validate storage conditions and stock rotation within their supply chain.
• Shipments can be arranged under FOB, CFR, CIF or other agreed Incoterms, with export, customs and quality documentation coordinated from Ankara, Türkiye.

To receive a tailored proposal, please share your species and production systems (poultry, swine, ruminant, aqua, pets), typical diet structure, target digestible amino acid profile, intended CP reduction strategy, annual volume, packaging preferences, certification/documentation needs and destination markets. Our team will recommend suitable L-threonine 98.5% feed grade options and related amino acid solutions for your feed business.